THE INDEFINITE ARTICLES : a / an
Use 'A' before a word which begins with a consonant sound.
| a man | a movie | a school | a city |
Use 'AN' before a word which begins with a vowel sound
| an umbrella | an American | an ice-cream |
NB: Note that the pronunciation is what matters when choosing between a & an .
Examples:
□ an h onor / an hour ( h is silent)
□ a u niversity / a u nit ( a before the 'y' sound)
| We use the indefinite articles a / an |
| 1. to refer to something or someone for the first time in a conversation: |
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with : A or An
1. Ronaldo is ……. famous football player.
2. Jessica is………. hardworking student.
3. Is Dr. Phil …………. smart man?
4. A tiger is …………. animal.
5. Is that …………. old book?
6. Is tea …………. beneficial drink?
7. Mustang is …………. American brand.
8. This is …………. eraser.
9. N.Y Times is…. popular news company.
10. Derek is …………. fisherman.
11. It's…………. honor to meet you.
12. Angelina Jolie is …………. actress.
13. This is ……. educational website.
14. Bart Simpson is …………. child.
15. Superman is …………. hero.
USEFUL VERBS
· I listen to music for two hours every day.
· The teacher speaks and the students listen , and then repeat .
· He also asks them questions and they answer them.
· You are welcome Fatima. Please, take a chair and sit down .
· Some students stand up to answer questions.
· Our school opens at 7:45 in the morning and closes at 18:00 in the afternoon .
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
What are the subject pronouns in English?
We use these subject pronouns in English
| Subject | Singular or Plural - Who? | Masculine or Feminine |
| I | Singular - first person | Masculine or feminine |
| You | Singular - second person | Masculine or feminine |
| He | Singular - third person | Only masculine |
| She | Singular - third person | Only feminine |
| It | Singular - third person | Object / thing / animal |
| We | Plural - first person | Masculine or feminine |
| You | Plural - second person | Masculine or feminine |
| They | Plural - third person | Masculine or feminine |
When do you use IT?
IT is normally used when we refer to objects, things, animals or ideas (and not normally people).
o The dog is big. It is also hairy. (It = the dog)
o My bed is small but it is comfortable. (It = my bed)
Sometimes when we do not know the sex of a baby (we do not know if it is a boy or girl), then we can use IT .
o Their baby is very small. It only weighs 2 kilos. (It = the baby.)
We use IT we when talk about the time, weather or temperature.
o It is five o'clock (= the time is five o'clock)
o It is cold today. (= the weather is cold today.)
o It is 30º outside right now. (= the temperature is 30º outside right now)
| He | Mr. Ken | She | Mrs. Flintstone | It | The book |
| They | Lily and Marshall | ||||
Examples:
a. Tony and Timothy are basketball players. ===> They are basketball players.
b. Miss White is very clever. ===> She is very clever.
c. Richy is an English teacher. ===> He is an English teacher.
d. Lion is the king of the jungle. ===> It is the king of the jungle.
EXERCISE
Use the appropriate subject pronouns to rewrite the following sentences.
1. Mrs. Chart is very beautiful. She is very beautiful
2. Dr. Phil is a famous person. He is a famous person
3. Fred and Barnie are good friends.
4. Is James good at basketball?
5. Maria plays tennis.
6. Andy and I are cousins.
7. Wendy and Robin are good at math.
8. Mount Everest is very high.
9. Mrs. Rogala has 23 students.
10. Is the TV too loud?
11. How are Jessie and James ?
12. The weather is very hot today.
13. Bruce , Arnold and I are good friends.
14. Are you and Mr. Parker related?
15. The cat looks very friendly.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT OF THE VERB "TO BE"
FORM:
Affirmative form
I am your English teacher.
You are Ali.
He is my uncle.
She is my sister.
It is my school bag.
We are Moroccan.
You are my students.
They are hard working.
Negative form
I am not your Arabic teacher.
You are not Brahim.
He is not my father.
She is not my cousin.
It is not my suitcase.
We are not my Algerian.
You are not my children.
Am I your brother?
Are you Ali?
Who is your father?
Where is your sister?
Is this your handbag ?
What nationality are we?
CONTRACTED FORMS
I am =====> I’m
You are =====> You’re
We are =====> We’re
He is =====> He’s
It is =====> It’s
You are =====> You’re
he is =====> She’s
They are =====> They’re
I am not =====> I’m not
It is not =====> It isn’t
You are not =====> You aren’t
We are not =====> We aren’t
He is not =====> He isn’t
You are not =====> You aren’t
She is not =====> She isn’t
They are not =====> They aren’t
EXERCISE
Fill in the blanks with : am, is, are
1. Tom ……….a carpenter.
2. Terry and Linda ………from Armenia.
3. Jack ……… a famous movie star.
4. ………Derek and Peter police officers?
5. BMW ………an expensive car brand.
6. Alan's friends ………..doctors.
7. We ………….at home.
8. I ……….a diligent student.
9. They …………my friend's cousins.
10. Mr Jackson ……….a pianist.
11. Dan and Ryan …………. engineers.
12. …………they soldiers?
13. His shoes ………….new.
14. …………..you the boss?
15. ………Judy beautiful?
